<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Interview with Atiyah and Singer</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?feed=rss2&#038;p=95" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 05:18:29 -0500</lastBuildDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.6</generator>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
		<item>
		<title>By: sol</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1169</link>
		<dc:creator>sol</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1169</guid>
		<description>Chris W.,

I appreciate the link below you gave On the numbers.

You know what is interesting to me, is how any number system could have began? 

If probabilistics determinations rules our lives, then what said that the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@19.G8hIcrwEVFD.25@.1dde7082/6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pinball drop&lt;/a&gt; could may have defined how life could have manifested, in the number sequence of this flower, and the number of it&#039;s petals?:)

&lt;a href=&quot;http://mathforum.org/workshops/usi/pascal/images/base.gif&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Pascal&#039;s Triangle&lt;/a&gt;

If Ramanujan modulars functions can well serve to explain the string&#039;s world sheet, then how much more abstract are we going to get, if we wanted to apply some other kind of math to this function. Etc. Etc. Etc:)

Quite early in my playing around with numbers, I was quite surprise to see how the Ancients used these numbers, as told by Manjul Bhargava. I seem to have a certainty affinity to rythmns, as well as the sequences describe by Manjul, may also be found in Pascal&#039;s triangle.

The &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/078401213X/qid=1077929802/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/102-0642812-5442518?v=glance&amp;s=dvd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;movie PI&lt;/a&gt; has some weird ideas here, but may not be so weird when considered in context of what rythmns are found, as patterns in life?

To be caution for sure the slight&#039;s given to the Indian influence that Lubos warn&#039;s, John Baez, also gives us this in the link following the pinball at is source.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chris W.,</p>
<p>I appreciate the link below you gave On the numbers.</p>
<p>You know what is interesting to me, is how any number system could have began? </p>
<p>If probabilistics determinations rules our lives, then what said that the <a href="http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@19.G8hIcrwEVFD.25@.1dde7082/6" rel="nofollow">Pinball drop</a> could may have defined how life could have manifested, in the number sequence of this flower, and the number of it&#8217;s petals?:)</p>
<p><a href="http://mathforum.org/workshops/usi/pascal/images/base.gif" rel="nofollow">Pascal&#8217;s Triangle</a></p>
<p>If Ramanujan modulars functions can well serve to explain the string&#8217;s world sheet, then how much more abstract are we going to get, if we wanted to apply some other kind of math to this function. Etc. Etc. Etc:)</p>
<p>Quite early in my playing around with numbers, I was quite surprise to see how the Ancients used these numbers, as told by Manjul Bhargava. I seem to have a certainty affinity to rythmns, as well as the sequences describe by Manjul, may also be found in Pascal&#8217;s triangle.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/078401213X/qid=1077929802/sr=1-1/ref=sr_1_1/102-0642812-5442518?v=glance&#038;s=dvd" rel="nofollow">movie PI</a> has some weird ideas here, but may not be so weird when considered in context of what rythmns are found, as patterns in life?</p>
<p>To be caution for sure the slight&#8217;s given to the Indian influence that Lubos warn&#8217;s, John Baez, also gives us this in the link following the pinball at is source.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Chris W.</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1170</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris W.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1170</guid>
		<description>Speaking of Andrew Wiles (mentioned briefly in this post), a couple of days ago NPR did a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4111253&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;profile&lt;/a&gt; of one of his recent advisees, now a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/03/1208/1b.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;full professor&lt;/a&gt; at Princeton at age 28.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Speaking of Andrew Wiles (mentioned briefly in this post), a couple of days ago NPR did a <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4111253" rel="nofollow">profile</a> of one of his recent advisees, now a <a href="http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pwb/03/1208/1b.shtml" rel="nofollow">full professor</a> at Princeton at age 28.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: sol</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1171</link>
		<dc:creator>sol</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1171</guid>
		<description>Sorry, this is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@110.cdLDcUf9UFH.0@.1dde6988/27&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; I meant you to have as well</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sorry, this is the <a href="http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@110.cdLDcUf9UFH.0@.1dde6988/27" rel="nofollow">link</a> I meant you to have as well</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: sol</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1172</link>
		<dc:creator>sol</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1172</guid>
		<description>Then I am sure you would like to see the issues on &lt;a href=&quot;http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@134.Gd6Hcsm8Uix.0@.1de0ca9b/4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;
cosmic clumping&lt;/a&gt; and what is being done here in the latest research with Max Tegmark.

The pics are direct links. 

The ultimate geometry would have been Martin Rees snake biting it&#039;s tail:), in the unification of the small with the very large, that we have psychologically induced reform. The big gumball( that&#039;s what my wife calls it) that you find in the links by Tegmark, as very revealling.

I joined Andrey Kravtsov&#039;s models, to Tegmarks.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Then I am sure you would like to see the issues on <a href="http://wc0.worldcrossing.com/WebX?14@134.Gd6Hcsm8Uix.0@.1de0ca9b/4" rel="nofollow"><br />
cosmic clumping</a> and what is being done here in the latest research with Max Tegmark.</p>
<p>The pics are direct links. </p>
<p>The ultimate geometry would have been Martin Rees snake biting it&#8217;s tail:), in the unification of the small with the very large, that we have psychologically induced reform. The big gumball( that&#8217;s what my wife calls it) that you find in the links by Tegmark, as very revealling.</p>
<p>I joined Andrey Kravtsov&#8217;s models, to Tegmarks.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: D R Lunsford</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1173</link>
		<dc:creator>D R Lunsford</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1173</guid>
		<description>This is so much fun I thought I&#039;d mention it here:

http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/toe.pdf

You might call this &quot;hospitality theory&quot; since its basic rules are 1) we need self-aware systems, so be kind to them 2) all consistent systems that are compatible with SASes are physically real!

I just love Fig. 7, although I disagree with his green zone injunction :)

-drl</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is so much fun I thought I&#8217;d mention it here:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/toe.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/toe.pdf</a></p>
<p>You might call this &#8220;hospitality theory&#8221; since its basic rules are 1) we need self-aware systems, so be kind to them 2) all consistent systems that are compatible with SASes are physically real!</p>
<p>I just love Fig. 7, although I disagree with his green zone injunction <img src='http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>-drl</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: sol</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1174</link>
		<dc:creator>sol</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1174</guid>
		<description>&lt;b&gt;Klein`s Ordering of the Geometries&lt;/b&gt;

&quot;A theorem which is valid for a geometry in this sequence is automatically valid for the ones that follow. The theorems of projective geometry are automatically valid theorems of Euclidean
geometry. We say that topological geometry is more abstract than projective geometry which is turn is more abstract than Euclidean geometry.&quot;

http://www.ensc.sfu.ca/people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node21.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>Klein`s Ordering of the Geometries</b></p>
<p>&#8220;A theorem which is valid for a geometry in this sequence is automatically valid for the ones that follow. The theorems of projective geometry are automatically valid theorems of Euclidean<br />
geometry. We say that topological geometry is more abstract than projective geometry which is turn is more abstract than Euclidean geometry.&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ensc.sfu.ca/people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node21.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.ensc.sfu.ca/people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node21.html</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: D R Lunsford</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1175</link>
		<dc:creator>D R Lunsford</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1175</guid>
		<description>Peter,

Of course some of Klein&#039;s work (theory of the top, automorphic functions, icoashedron) relates number theory (implicitly) to spinors - and this was ages ago. See for example

http://store.yahoo.net/doverpublications/0486495280.html

-drl</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Peter,</p>
<p>Of course some of Klein&#8217;s work (theory of the top, automorphic functions, icoashedron) relates number theory (implicitly) to spinors &#8211; and this was ages ago. See for example</p>
<p><a href="http://store.yahoo.net/doverpublications/0486495280.html" rel="nofollow">http://store.yahoo.net/doverpublications/0486495280.html</a></p>
<p>-drl</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: sol</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1176</link>
		<dc:creator>sol</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1176</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;&quot;Mathematics is always a continuum, linked to its history, the past - nothing comes out of zero&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt; Atiyah&lt;/b&gt;

I found this very statement revealing.

One could not of denied any mathematical interpretation that would have arisen in theory, that could have postulated some emergent property out of string theory? Is this statement valid? 


I thought I would challenged any mathematician then to discount the validation of string theory, if it did not emerge from some mathematical interpretaion, how it could not have been considered?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>&#8220;Mathematics is always a continuum, linked to its history, the past &#8211; nothing comes out of zero&#8221;</i><b> Atiyah</b></p>
<p>I found this very statement revealing.</p>
<p>One could not of denied any mathematical interpretation that would have arisen in theory, that could have postulated some emergent property out of string theory? Is this statement valid? </p>
<p>I thought I would challenged any mathematician then to discount the validation of string theory, if it did not emerge from some mathematical interpretaion, how it could not have been considered?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Thomas Larsson</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1177</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Larsson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1177</guid>
		<description>Between 1870 and 1970, the number of freshly minted physics PhDs in the US rose from 1 to 10,000 anually. Today we have a steady-state situation, where each advisor can expect only one of her students to become an advisor, on the average. This is nothing to compain about. Exponential growth cannot be sustained forever, and the number of positions in academia has probably saturated.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Between 1870 and 1970, the number of freshly minted physics PhDs in the US rose from 1 to 10,000 anually. Today we have a steady-state situation, where each advisor can expect only one of her students to become an advisor, on the average. This is nothing to compain about. Exponential growth cannot be sustained forever, and the number of positions in academia has probably saturated.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Peter</title>
		<link>http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95&#038;cpage=1#comment-1178</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 31 Dec 1969 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=95#comment-1178</guid>
		<description>Hi Lubos,

One sociological fact that Singer was referring to was that in the late fifties and early sixties, due to the huge expansion in the size of American universities, there were lots of jobs to go around.  Since the competition for jobs was much less stiff, people could get away with being less focused on getting results quickly, so could take the time to learn about different fields and not stay so specialized.

I&#039;ll go out on a limb and make a more specific conjecture along the lines of Atiyah&#039;s comments about number theory.  Maybe this is the kind of thing Atiyah had in mind, maybe not.  From one point of view, the central object in number theory is the absolute Galois group of the field of rational numbers, and the study of its representations. Langlands theory relates these to other sorts of representations (&quot;automorphic representations&quot;).  One point of view on particle theory is that central objects are the gauge and diffeomorphism groups and their representations.  There are tantalizing analogies between these groups and the ones that appear in number theory. Perhaps new ideas about these representations coming out of a QFT framework may give new ideas about how to study the representations that occur in number theory.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Lubos,</p>
<p>One sociological fact that Singer was referring to was that in the late fifties and early sixties, due to the huge expansion in the size of American universities, there were lots of jobs to go around.  Since the competition for jobs was much less stiff, people could get away with being less focused on getting results quickly, so could take the time to learn about different fields and not stay so specialized.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll go out on a limb and make a more specific conjecture along the lines of Atiyah&#8217;s comments about number theory.  Maybe this is the kind of thing Atiyah had in mind, maybe not.  From one point of view, the central object in number theory is the absolute Galois group of the field of rational numbers, and the study of its representations. Langlands theory relates these to other sorts of representations (&#8221;automorphic representations&#8221;).  One point of view on particle theory is that central objects are the gauge and diffeomorphism groups and their representations.  There are tantalizing analogies between these groups and the ones that appear in number theory. Perhaps new ideas about these representations coming out of a QFT framework may give new ideas about how to study the representations that occur in number theory.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>
